What forms of water birds are you able to in finding in Hawaii?
Because of its proximity to the sea, you might be nearly positive to peer some form of hen close to the water. From geese to herons to gulls, you’re going to be informed the commonest water birds chances are you’ll see in Hawaii under.
Along with the average identify of each and every hen under, you’re going to additionally in finding the Hawaiian identify in parentheses. 🙂
#1. Laysan Albatross (Moli)
- Phoebastria immutabilis
- Species is local however now not endemic to Hawaii
- Massive white seabirds with wingspans of roughly 78 inches (2m).
- They’ve darkish patches in entrance of each and every eye.
- They’ve darkish wings and darkish tricks to their huge expenses.
Laysan Albatrosses, or “Moli”, are large seabirds that may shuttle immense distances. They use air currents and their extremely dynamic frame form to bounce nearly without difficulty.
Those gorgeous birds vary extensively around the North Pacific Ocean. Curiously, greater than 90% of the sector’s inhabitants of Laysan Albatrosses are discovered within the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. They’re deemed indigenous via the state of Hawai’i.
The IUCN RedList considers Laysan Albatrosses to be “Close to Threatened”. Within the early twentieth century, people hunted albatrosses to close extinction for feathers to make hats. Then, within the past due twentieth century, the driftnet manner of industrial fishing led to any other steep decline within the getting better inhabitants.
The majority of breeding Laysan Albatrosses in Hawaii may also be discovered on Halfway Atoll, Laysan Island, and French Frigate shoals.
These kind of colonies are on very low-lying land plenty with little human presence. Unfortunately, emerging sea ranges have resulted in tragic failures from flooding of the breeding grounds.
Sea-level upward thrust is expected to extend and may spell the top of the Laysan Albatross. So, conservationists in Hawai’i’m hoping to maintain small, outlying Laysan Albatross colonies on upper floor. On Kauai and Oahu, sparse clifftop colonies and birds settling in human habitations are safe from flooding. Alternatively, invasive predators, maximum particularly rats, mongooses, and home canines, pose an excessively top possibility to nesting Albatrosses.
#2. Hawaiian Black-necked Stilt (Ae’o)
- Himantopus mexicanus
- Subspecies H.m.knudseni is local and endemic to Hawai’i.
- Lengthy, skinny, black expenses.
- Black wings, black caps, and black backs with white in different places.
- They’ve very lengthy, skinny, purple legs.
Hawaiian Black-necked Stilts are a kind of wading water hen in Hawaii.
They’ve the second one longest legs in comparison to their frame dimension of any hen. Hawaiian Black-necked Stilts use their lengthy legs to wade into shallow water and forage for meals. They may be able to be noticed foraging in freshwater, marine, or brackish water habitats.
Black-necked Stilts are ample birds with an enormous vary around the American continent and more than a few islands. The Black-necked Stilts discovered within the Hawaiian Islands are a subspecies known as Himantopus mexicanus knudseni. They’re repeatedly referred to as the Hawaiian Stilt or the Ae’o.
The subspecies is endemic, so isn’t discovered anyplace else. Ae’o are known as indigenous to Hawai’i.
Hawai’ian Black-necked Stilts happen to various levels on the entire major Hawaiian Islands. Maui, Oahu, and Kauai have the most important populations, particularly between March and August, as there are breeding colonies on those islands. Hawaiian Black-necked Stilts are in all probability to be present in shallow wetlands on the subject of the ocean.
Hawai’ian Black-necked Stilts face a complete host of threats. They’re at once predated via invasive mammals together with cats, canines, and rats. Their grazing and breeding habitats additionally face degradation from building, invasive crops, sea-level upward thrust, and pollution.
#3. Nice Frigatebird (‘Iwa)
- Fregata minor
- Subspecies F.m.palmerstoni is local however now not endemic to Hawai’i
- Black seabirds with huge wingspans in comparison to frame dimension.
- Men are smaller and feature large purple inflatable sacks on their throats.
- Ladies are better and feature white throats.
Nice Frigatebirds are huge seabirds that fly nice distances around the open ocean. They’ve an excessively huge wingspan of round 85 inches (215cm), in comparison to small and lightweight our bodies. That is preferrred for hovering without difficulty on air currents.
There are 5 subspecies of Nice Frigatebird. Fregata minor palmerstoni is a subspecies discovered on islands all over the western and central Pacific Ocean.
They arrive in huge numbers to breeding colonies within the Hawai’ian archipelago, the place they’re referred to as ‘Iwa. “Iwa are thought to be indigenous via the state of Hawai’i.
Nice Frigatebirds construct their nests at the tops of timber and timber on far flung islands. In Hawai’i, the most important colonies are at the Nihoa and Laysan Islands.
Invasive animal and plant species have lowered the provision of fine nesting websites for those water birds in Hawaii. Thankfully, conservation efforts to get rid of rabbits from Frigatebird colonies have had a good have an effect on in Hawaii.
#4. Black-crowned Night time Heron (‘Auku’u)
- Nycticorax nycticorax
- Subspecies N.n.hoactli is local however now not endemic to Hawai’i
- Black tops on their heads and backs.
- Wings are faded grey, whilst their our bodies are white.
- They’ve lengthy legs and instantly, slim black expenses.
Black-crowned Night time Herons are wading birds. They in most cases forage in shallow water, at night time or first light. Their standard habitat is recent or saltwater wetlands.
N.n.hoactli is a subspecies of Black-Topped Night time Heron discovered around the American continent from Southern Canada to Northern Chile. N.n.hoactli also are discovered within the Hawai’ian archipelago, the place they’re thought to be indigenous via the state. In the community, N.n.hoactli are known as ‘Auku’u.
‘Auku’u are other from different Black-crowned Night time Herons as a result of they’re diurnal! They hunt within the sunlight hours, which makes them more uncomplicated to identify. ‘Auku’u may also be observed on all main islands within the Hawaiian archipelago.
The principle risk to Black-Topped Night time Herons in Hawaii is habitat degradation. Massive spaces of wetlands were misplaced during the last century. Oil spills additionally contaminate the ecosystem, and invasive species modify the biome.
#5. Purple-footed Booby (‘A)
- Sula sula
- Subspecies S.s.rubripes is local however now not endemic to Hawai’i
- Gorgeous white birds with black wing edges.
- Hanging purple legs and toes.
- They’ve lengthy blue expenses, and blue and purple markings round their eyes.
Purple-footed Boobies are tough birds that spend lengthy classes flying around the open sea. They go back to land for breeding however differently are infrequently noticed.
Purple-footed Boobies are an ample species this is dispensed throughout the equatorial area international. The IUCN RedList considers them a species of “Least Fear”.
The subspecies S.s.rubripes is a water hen present in Hawaii, the place it’s referred to as ‘A and thought to be indigenous via the state.
Curiously, there are more than a few colour morphs of Purple-footed Boobies. In other places, they may be able to be white, brown, and even black. Alternatively, nearly all Hawaiian birds are white!
Purple-footed Boobies accumulate in breeding colonies all over the far flung North-Western Hawaiian Islands. They’re simplest infrequently noticed in the primary Hawaiian Islands, on Kauai and Oahu.
#6. Hawaiian Goose
- Branta sandvicensis
- Discovered on Maui, Kauai, and the Large Island.
- Hawaiian ducks have black heads, gold cheeks, white necks, and brown our bodies.
- Their plumage has a definite barred trend over the wings and flanks.
- Ladies glance very similar to men however are in most cases smaller.
Hawaiian ducks are huge, gorgeous water birds that constitute Hawaii because the legit state hen.
Those endemic birds are grazers that feed on leaves, seeds, flora, and culmination. They’re essential to the ecosystem, as they disperse plant seeds of their feces.
Hawaiian ducks nearly become extinct within the early twentieth century. Since that point, numbers have begun to get better. The species is these days categorised as “close to threatened” at the IUCN RedList.
Today, Hawaiian ducks can simplest be observed on Hawaii Island, Kauai, and Maui.
Previously, looking via people used to be a significant risk to Hawaiian ducks. In fashionable occasions, looking via invasive species is the higher factor. As ground-nesting birds, they’re very at risk of invasive predators, together with Barn owls, home cats, canines, rats, and mongooses.
#7. Hawaiian Coot
- Fulica alai
- Discovered on Maui, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, and the Large Island.
- Hawaiian coots have glossy black plumage in every single place.
- They’ve vivid white expenses with tall frontal shields which are white or brown.
- They’ve small, rounded our bodies with small heads.
Those water birds are endemic to Hawaii!
They in most cases are living in shallow, saline water, similar to brackish lagoons and estuaries alongside the beach. However they may be able to even be present in freshwater ponds, streams, lakes, and wetlands.
Maui, Oahu, or Kauai are the most efficient puts to peer Hawaiian coots.
Alternatively, small populations of them may also be observed on nearly all Hawaiian islands.
Hawaiian coots are thought to be “close to threatened” via the IUCN RedList in 2023. That is an development on their “susceptible” standing within the early twenty first century. Alternatively, Hawaiian coots nonetheless face many threats.
Habitat loss is the main risk to Hawaiian coots. Coastal plains and wetlands, which make the most efficient breeding websites, were swiftly misplaced during the last century.
Invasive predators additionally negatively have an effect on Hawaiian coots. Rats and mongooses are prolific egg stealers, and canines, home cats, barn owls, and different presented predators will predate grownup coots, too.
#8. Hawaiian Duck
- Anas wyvilliana
- Natural Hawaiian geese are simplest more likely to be discovered on Kauai and Niihau.
- Hawaiian geese’ plumage is mild and darkish brown, with scale-like patterning.
- They’ve a obviously outlined patch of glossy blue on each wings.
- Men and women glance very equivalent, however ladies are in most cases smaller.
Hawaiian Geese are endemic to Hawaii.
Those water birds glance similar to Mallards and are carefully comparable. Alternatively, they aren’t very social birds. They don’t have a tendency to shape flocks. As a substitute, they’re in most cases seen in pairs or by myself. They’re reasonably cautious and discrete.
Hawaiian geese make a cushy and discrete quacking sound. It is extremely fitted to their nature! Pay attention to them within the video under.
Traditionally, Hawaiian geese lived on all Hawaiian islands apart from Lanai and Kaho’olawe. Alternatively, people hunted the Hawaiian duck to the threshold of extinction within the early twentieth century. Via 1960, the ultimate closing geese lived remoted on Kauai and Niihau.
Since then, efforts were made to preserve this species. A flora and fauna safe haven used to be created on Kauai, and Hawaiian geese had been bred and reintroduced to Oahu, Maui, and the Large Island.
Sadly, invasive feral mallard geese weren’t got rid of from those islands prior to the Hawaiian duck used to be reintroduced. Mallards breed readily with Hawaiian geese. They produce viable offspring, resulting in the hybridization of the species.
As of late, natural Hawaiian geese are simplest more likely to be discovered on Kauai and Niihau. Sadly, the good fortune of the mallard hybrid is anticipated to result in the disappearance of the natural Hawaiian duck.
#9. Mallard
- Anas platyrhynchos
- Species is invasive to Hawaii.
- Men have glossy inexperienced heads and white neck banks.
- Ladies are mild and darkish brown, with blue wing patches.
- Each have orange legs and toes.
Mallards are extraordinarily ample international. They’re a kind of “dabbling duck”, which get their identify from the way in which they lean ahead and dabble their expenses within the water to gather meals. They’re very social and accumulate in combination in small flocks.
Those water birds had been presented to Hawaii within the past due nineteenth century for farming, recreation looking, and as decorative pond geese.
Over the years, a few of these geese escaped or had been launched and started to are living feral.
Mallards will breed with different species of duck. In repeated examples all over the world, Mallards have demonstrated an enchanting talent to supply viable offspring with more than a few different species of duck. This has resulted in Mallards growing hybrid species, resulting in the lack of the local species in its natural shape.
In Hawaii, this is occurring with the Hawaiian Duck (Anas wyvilliana), identified in the community because the Koloa Maoli. Thankfully, at the island of Kauai, there are nonetheless populations of Hawaiian Geese with extraordinarily low genetic hybridization from Mallard Geese. They’re most commonly discovered within the Hanalei Nationwide Natural world Shelter. That is the results of ongoing efforts to take away feral Mallards and cut back possession of Mallards on Kauai.
#10. Muscovy Duck
- Cairina moschata
- Species is invasive to Hawai’i.
- Heavy-set. Men may also be double the dimensions of ladies.
- Normally white and/or black, with darkish inexperienced plumage across the wing house.
- Outstanding purple wattling is in most cases provide across the beak and face.
Muscovy Geese may also be discovered throughout Hawaii as home birds close to human habitation.
Some feral birds can be observed, having escaped from human care.
Presented birds at all times pose an inherent possibility to local wildlife. Muscovy Geese are very huge and simply in a position to riding local birds clear of excellent meals resources or taking up our bodies of water.
Muscovy Geese lay their eggs in tree cavities, which don’t seem to be ample in Hawaiian local forests. Some local Hawaiian birds depend on those cavities for their very own nesting and replica and might be outcompeted via feral Muscovy Geese.
There are few to no studies at the have an effect on of Muscovy Geese as an invasive species in Hawaii. When compared with presented mammals or the Mallard, Muscovy Geese don’t seem to be having an enormous adverse have an effect on.
#11. Northern Pintail (Koloa Mapu)
- Anas acuta
- Species is local however now not endemic to Hawai’i.
- Men have brown heads, white breasts, and grey wings.
- Men have the lengthy, black, upturned tails that the species is called for.
- Ladies have tawny heads and darkish brown and white plumage.
Northern Pintails are ample and feature a limiteless vary around the northern hemisphere and equator. Populations of those small dabbling geese migrate to the Hawai’ian Islands each and every wintry weather.
Northern Pintails, identified in the community as Koloa Mapu, are known as indigenous via the state. The time that Northern Pintails spend in Hawai’i is throughout their non-breeding segment.
Those water birds are in all probability to be present in shallow freshwater wetlands, or intertidal wetlands. They most commonly graze on plant topic, together with seeds, roots, and grains.
Globally, Northern Pintails are assessed as being of “Least Fear” via the IUCN RedList. In Hawaii, the lack of wetland habitats to city building, agriculture, and invasive crops has resulted in a discount within the choice of Northern Pintails overwintering at the islands.
#12. Lesser Scaup
- Aythya affinis
- Species is local however now not endemic to Hawai’i
- Men have black heads and tails that distinction with white our bodies.
- Their expenses are bluish-gray and their eyes are yellow.
- Ladies have black expenses ringed with white feathers. They’re brown in different places.
Lesser Scaups have a wide range spreading throughout Central and North The united states. Within the fall, some populations of those water birds migrate from Alaska and Canada to Hawaii. They keep till February and are thought to be indigenous via the state.
Lesser Scaups usually are present in freshwater marshlands and lakes, in addition to estuaries and brackish water. Alternatively, they may be able to infrequently be noticed in bays or even the open ocean on occasion.
Those wading birds face habitat loss in Hawaii. The wetland spaces the place they overwinter are being misplaced to building. Oil spills and air pollution, in addition to invasive crops, additionally degrade the habitat.
#13. Northern Shoveler (Koloa Moha)
- Spatula clypeata
- Species is indigenous however now not endemic to Hawaii.
- Men have huge, scoop-like black expenses and black heads with inexperienced iridescence.
- Their chests are white, and their undersides are auburn.
- Ladies have huge, scoop-like orange expenses, orange legs, and lightweight brown our bodies.
Northern Shovelers are ample geese with an enormous international vary. Some populations of Northern Shovelers shuttle from Alaska each and every fall to overwinter at the Hawaiian Islands.
Northern Shovelers are known as indigenous via the state. They’re identified in the community as Koloa Moha. They come round October and go away round April.
Koloa Moha men have other plumage throughout their winters in Hawaii, than they do throughout the breeding season. They appear to be ladies (pictured above) till round February however retain their tell-tale black expenses.
Northern Shovelers may also be noticed in recent or saline waters. They like broad, shallow, marshy wetlands with numerous plants. Alternatively, they may be able to even be present in ponds and reservoirs.
The inhabitants of those water birds in Hawaii is lowering. The wetland habitats that they depend on are being misplaced to building, air pollution, and invasive crops.
#14. Snow Goose
- Anser caerulescens
- Species is an occasional vagrant customer to Hawai’i.
- Snow Ducks have white plumage with black number one feathers at their wing pointers.
- They’ve pinkish-orange expenses and toes.
- A secondary colour morph exists, known as “blue”, with white heads and grayish our bodies.
Snow Ducks are a species of goose this is indigenous to North The united states. They’re extremely migratory birds.
Snow Ducks shape robust pair bonds with their companions when they’re round two years outdated and can keep in combination for existence. When they’re 3, they’re going to start to reproduce.
For the spring migration, the pair will fly north to Northern Canada or Alaska, and go back to the nesting website online the place the feminine used to be born. The feminine builds a nest in a scrape on top floor and contours it with twigs and down.
Snow Ducks are repeatedly noticed outdoor in their herbal vary.
In recent times, those water birds were recorded frequently at the Island of Hawaii (Large Island), and on occasion on Kauai. A couple of Snow Ducks in Hawaii seem to have taken up everlasting residency year-round.
#15. Wandering Tattler (‘Ulili)
- Tringa incana
- Species is local however now not endemic to Hawaii
- Lengthy expenses and lengthy legs.
- Their heads, backs, and wings are a cushy gray-brown.
- Their chests are mottled brown and white.
Wandering Tattlers have a large vary that covers a lot of the Pacific Ocean’s islands and coastlines. In summer season, they shuttle to northeastern Russia and northwestern The united states to reproduce. From past due summer season via to spring, Wandering Tattlers go back to Hawai’i.
Those water birds are thought to be indigenous to Hawaii and are identified in the community as Ulili. They may be able to be noticed on maximum islands all over the Hawaiian archipelago. Search for them alongside the coastline or on close by mudflats and wetlands.
Wandering Tattlers are essentially threatened via local weather degradation. Wetlands are being swiftly misplaced to building and the impact of invasive crops. Foraging close to the shore additionally places Wandering Tattlers involved with pollution similar to oil spills and plastic waste.
#16. White-tailed Tropicbird (Koa’e kea)
- Phaethon lepturus
- Species is local however now not endemic to Hawai’i.
- Yellow, pointed, rather downturned beaks.
- Most commonly white plumage, with lengthy, white, slim tails.
- They’ve black markings over their eyes, shoulders, and wingtips.
White-tailed Tropicbirds are extraordinarily crowd pleasing, swish, and slim seabirds in Hawaii. They spend lengthy classes over the open ocean.
Those water birds are laborious to trace once they’re now not breeding, as they’re solitary, and fly lengthy distances. Alternatively, their vary extends nearly completely across the circumference of the equator.
White-tailed Tropicbirds have a tendency to collect in Hawai’i between March and October to reproduce. They’re thought to be indigenous to Hawai’i, and are identified in the community as Koa’e kea.
In Hawai’i, there are breeding colonies on Kaua’i, Moloka’i, Lana’i, and Hawai’i Island (Large Island). Smaller teams may also be discovered on O’ahu, and a few islets.
Invasive predators threaten White-tailed Tropicalbirds in Hawaii. Rats goal eggs, and feral cats can catch birds.
#17. Hawai’ian Gallinule (‘Alae ‘Ula)
- Gallinula galeata
- Subspecies G. g. sandvicensis is local and endemic to Hawai’i.
- Black plumage with some white feathers within the tail.
- Expenses and frontal shields are vivid purple, with yellow tip to the invoice.
- Their legs are vivid yellow, with purple bands the place they sign up for the frame.
Hawai’ian Gallinules are a waterbird, and one of the subspecies of the Not unusual Gallinule. It additionally appears to be like very similar to the Hawai’ian Coot, which is black, with a tall white frontal protect.
Hawai’ian Gallinules are shy birds. They’re frequently disguised below the foliage of aquatic crops whilst swimming and feeding. From time to time they may be able to be noticed swimming within the open, however temporarily duck for defense when disturbed.
Hawai’ian Gallinules are indigenous and endemic water birds to Hawai’i, and are due to this fact now not discovered anyplace else. They’re in the community referred to as ‘Alae ‘Ula.
Traditionally, Hawai’ian Gallinules might be discovered on nearly the entire Hawai’ian Islands. In fashionable occasions, they are living in low-elevation wetland habitats on Kaua’i and O’ahu. They’ve additionally been sighted on O’ahu and Maui.
Hawai’ian Gallinules face many threats and are thought to be endangered via the state. They’re very vulnerable to predation, each from herbal, local predators and from invasive predators. Mongooses, rats, feral canines, and cats, can all goal Gallinules and their nests.
#18. White Tern (Manu-o-Ku)
- Gygis alba
- Species is local however now not endemic to Hawai’i.
- Small birds with all-white plumage.
- They’ve black-blue legs and expenses.
- Their eyes are huge and black.
White Terns have an enormous vary that covers a lot of the circumference of the equator, and as a ways south as New Zealand. They’re pelagic, flying over the open ocean when now not breeding on small islands and coastlines.
White Terns seek advice from Hawaii to reproduce all over the yr. Alternatively, most people arrive between February and June. They’re identified in the community as Manu-o-Ku.
In Hawaii, those water birds may also be observed all over the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, in addition to on Oahu. They accumulate loosely in woodlands close to the ocean and on rocky cliff faces.
White Terns are threatened via invasive predators together with cats, canines, and rats. Alternatively, the precarious method they lay their eggs on top branches provides them a undeniable point of coverage from rat assaults.
#19. Brown Booby (‘A)
- Sula leucogaster
- Subspecies S.l.plotus is local however now not endemic to Hawai’i.
- Brown heads, necks, again, and higher wings.
- They’re white at the abdominal and underwing.
- Men have blue markings ringing their heads across the eyes. Ladies have yellow.
Brown Boobies are huge seabirds with unique and endearing sexual dimorphism. Men have blue on their faces and legs. Ladies are vivid lemon yellow on their faces and legs as an alternative.
They’re very good plunge divers and hunt for fish via diving into the water from a peak.
Brown Boobies have an enormous vary, stretching lots of the circumference of the equator. They’re thought to be indigenous in Hawaii and are known as ‘A in the community; the similar identify used for Purple-footed Boobies.
Brown Boobies accumulate in colonies to reproduce at the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Additionally they happen on small islets all over the archipelago, and probably on Oahu island itself.
Brown Boobies are very delicate to human presence. They’ll abandon their nests if people means inside of 20 meters. Nesting seabirds also are at risk of predation. Thankfully, those water birds most commonly nest on far flung islands with minimum to no invasive mammals.
#20. Western Farm animals Egret
- Bubulcus ibis
- Species is invasive to Hawaii
- Tall, slim, white birds.
- They’ve reasonably lengthy, pointed, orange beaks.
- Throughout summer season, they’ve lengthy golden feathers on their heads, backs, and chests.
Following speedy growth during the last century, Western Farm animals Egrets have an enormous international vary overlaying tropical and temperate zones on all continents apart from Antarctica.
Western Farm animals Egrets had been deliberately presented to Hawaii within the Fifties. The aim used to be to cut back the fly swarms that stressed cows on farms and ranches.
Sadly, Western Farm animals Egrets become a extra serious problem than flies. They’re opportunistic feeders and feature tailored temporarily to a brand new meals supply: the chicks of local birds.
Now, invasive Western Farm animals Egrets may also be discovered repeatedly on maximum Hawaiian Islands. They’ve change into a vital risk to the breeding good fortune of the Hawaiian Duck, Hawaiian Gallinule, Hawaiian Coot, and Hawaiian Stilts.
#21. Black Noddy (Noio)
- Anous mins
- Subspecies A. m. marcusi is local however now not endemic to Hawai’i
- Subspecies A. m. melanogenys is local and endemic to Hawai’i
- Black plumage, graduating to faded tones at their heads.
- Slim, pointed black beaks.
- They’ve darker black markings over their eyes.
Black Noddies are seabirds that may be discovered over the open ocean, in most cases inside of 80km (50m) of land, or nesting on tropical islands.
In Hawai’i, there are two subspecies of Black Noddy.
- A. m. melanogenys is endemic to Hawai’i, this means that it’s now not discovered in different places. They breed within the Southeastern Hawaiian islands. They’re unique as a result of their orange legs and toes.
- A. m. marcusi isn’t endemic to Hawaii and is common within the Pacific. They’ve black legs and toes. In Hawai’i, they may be able to be discovered breeding within the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
The 2 subspecies were discovered happening in combination in some particular places. Particularly. Kaʻula Rock, Lehua Islet, Nihoa, and Necker.
Black Noddies are reasonably not unusual and a success in Hawai’i. Alternatively, they face equivalent threats to different seabirds. Particularly, predation via invasive predators, habitat loss, and relief in meals availability from overfishing.
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