Two books, two authors, two nations bursting with neotropical avian variety. Birds of Belize by means of Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer and Birds of Costa Rica by means of Dale Dyer and Steve N. G. Howell joined the sphere information roster this spring, very welcome in a yr unfortunately sparse in new titles. Because the books proportion authors and a introduction procedure, I assumed I’d assessment them in combination. Each titles are superlative guides to 2 in style birding locations, that includes detailed but succinct up-to-date descriptions, magical clinical illustrations, and the well-crafted organizational options by means of now anticipated from Howell, one in every of our maximum prolific chicken e-book writers and a vocal proponent of user-friendly guides. But additionally they convey up questions, which I’m going to discuss at the moment ahead of diving into the specifics of the guides themselves.
Two problems got here to thoughts right away after I tested my reviewer copies. The primary is that the illustrations by means of Dale Dyer are based totally, and in large part appear to be the similar, because the illustrations for his earlier information Birds of Central The united states: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama (co-authored with Andrew Vallely, PUP, 2018). It’s now not transparent how most of the plates had been touched up, redrawn or are new, and I am hoping we’ll be informed extra in regards to the procedure, in all probability when the 3rd e-book within the sequence by means of Howell and Dyer, a brand new information to the birds of Mexico, is printed.* An related factor is that the Belize and Costa Rica guides proportion most of the similar descriptions of species, written by means of Howell.
Why are those problems? I feel as a result of we, or a minimum of I, have a delusion of each box information being created distinctive and new, that after I gently elevate the quilt a brand new information, I’ll in finding treasures we’ve by no means observed ahead of. Myth is the important thing phrase right here. If we wish new box guides, we want to admit that it’s now not economically or humanly imaginable to attract and paint a brand new Clay-colored Thrush for each and every identify. Doing this paintings takes time! Dale Dyer installed years running on his artwork for Birds of Central The united states, each within the box and within the museum. I don’t suppose clinical art work holds much less worth when used greater than as soon as. In a similar way, descriptions of species repeated throughout volumes don’t lose their accuracy with each and every e-newsletter. Steve Howell has spent a long time of revel in within the box learning the birds of Belize, Costa Rica, and particularly Mexico. There’s no reason why experience and ability can’t be shared throughout box guides when the books are printed shut in combination, like those are. I feel we do have the precise to be expecting that art work and species descriptions when repeated are present, mirror contemporary research and taxonomic idea. And I feel those guides do, that the authors aren’t simply rubber-stamping their paintings however have sought to ensure the art work and textual content in each and every information represents the birds of each and every nation.
© 2023 by means of Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer, Birds of Belize, “Genus Tringa, web page 56, from Princeton College webpage, https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691220727/birds-of-belize
The second one factor comes to taxonomy. Howell makes use of the IOC International Hen Listing (v.11.2, 2021) as his “baseline taxonomy” after which makes adjustments, numerous adjustments. For oceanic birds he makes use of the taxonomy that he and Kirk Zufelt advanced in Oceanic Birds of the International: A Photograph Information (PUP, 2019). Different species are splits and lumped and feature had their names modified. Now not each chicken. Lots of the names right here might be acquainted to the skilled Neotropical birder. However Howell has sturdy emotions about what makes a species and what proof helps splitting or lumping a species and he applies them, in some circumstances coining his personal not unusual names. Tropical Kingbird is “Heart American Kingbird,” in response to the concept that just right ol’ TK must be divided into 3 species in response to music, morphology, and plumage. Southern Lapwing is “Cayenne Lapwing,” break up from “Chilean Lapwing.” Willet is indexed as “Western Willet” and “Japanese Willet,” two separate species, one thing we’ve anticipated from the North American Classification Committee for a few years, however which has now not but handed committee muster. American Herring Gull is “Smithsonian Gull,” a separate species from its Eu counterpart. And Sandwich Tern is Sandwich Tern, Howell discovering the DNA analysis for splitting it “susceptible.” Those are just a few examples. The introductory segment “Taxonomy” summarizes the authors’ option to this procedure in each guides and long appendix sections entitled “Taxonomic Notes,” give an explanation for explicit species adjustments.
Why is that this a subject matter? Taxonomy and classification programs for any house of information, now not simply ornithology, are historically advanced, written, and authorized by means of committees and networks of professionals with levels and titles of authority. I must know, as a librarian I used to be taught to worship classification programs like LCC, the Library of Congress Classification gadget which divides wisdom into 21 elementary categories, and matter heading authority lists. In birding, we now have a number of upper government–the AOS Tick list of North and Heart American Birds; the AOS Tick list of South American Birds; the Clements classification gadget, which is the root for eBird; the IOC International Hen Listing; and the tick list advanced by means of Manual of the Birds of the International and Birdlife World. And when writing a box information, it’s authorised apply to undertake one of the crucial above and to stick with it, with any questions or disagreements safely ensconced within the textual content, now not in a real exchange of species.
Howell turns all that on its head. The concept that of species, he states, “principally comes all the way down to a question of opinion, with out a proper or mistaken” (CR information, p. 30). And as for who has the authority to make taxonomic choices, he and Dyer argue of their comparable article in North American Birds, “Costa Rica: Even Richer Than we Concept?”(a must-read for birders who might be the usage of those guides and who need to know extra about their construction) that “individuals who learn about a area and are conversant in its birds are frequently higher positioned to make knowledgeable taxonomic choices than faraway our bodies coping with a lot higher geographic spaces.”** Howell additionally states that there is not any higher position than a box information by which to introduce taxonomic adjustments, one thing he’s been doing since he and Sophie Webb wrote their information to Mexico and Northern Central The united states within the 1990’s.*** It’s quicker than committee paintings, extra direct than paperwork, and it gifts a clearer and extra whole portrait of the variability and price of the biodiversity of those nations. “We are hoping that drawing consideration to them [the splits] acts as a laxative at the taxonomic constipation manifested by means of some committees and speeds the velocity at which lack of understanding and inertia fall sufferer to fact” (CR information, p. 30).
Those are convincing, neatly introduced arguments. However I will’t assist serious about the person birder the usage of those box guides, particularly a birder new to Neotropical birding. I feel it’s complicated to peer Heart American Kingbird within the box information however now not in eBird. I don’t suppose it’s useful to have Herring Gull introduced as “Smithsonian (American Herring) Gull.” I don’t suppose each birder needs to make the effort to learn taxonomic notes and take into accounts the 100-plus splits proposed by means of Howell and Dyer. (I’m now not pronouncing that is proper, I’m pronouncing, as somebody skilled in the usage of reference books with folks searching for a particular resolution, there’s a restrict in how a lot preparatory time they’re prepared to position in.) In presenting a box information with choice taxonomy and names, the authors is also jumpstarting “legitimate” adjustments in taxonomies and birding checklists, however they can also be incorporating hindrances in those books; box guides are meant to be making birding and chicken identity more uncomplicated, now not extra complicated.
I don’t suppose this can be a black-and-white factor and I’m hoping readers of this assessment have their very own evaluations that they are going to articulate right here or on ‘the socials.’ And in all probability every other 10,000 Birds reviewer could have a distinct perspective.
Examples of 2 sorts of informational aids presented in each guides: Pictorial Contents for Songbirds (Birds of Costa Rica) and Key to Species Vary Maps (Birds of Belize). Birds of Costa © 2023 by means of Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer and Birds of Belize © 2023 by means of Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer.
Protection & Group
Birds of Belize covers 540 or so species (I counted, the clicking free up says “over 500”) frequently present in Belize, together with the islands of the barrier reef and marine waters about 30 miles out, the variability of an afternoon shuttle. Along with species frequently happening in Belize, migrant and resident, the Species Accounts segment additionally contains a number of rarer happening species. Some, like American Bittern, are allocated complete accounts; others, like White-faced Ibis, are cited and drawn to differentiate them from similar-looking species (in some circumstances, as with White-faced Ibis, there’s a chance that they are going to had been overpassed). Appendix A lists “Uncommon Migrants and Vagrants,” 81 species, together with birds for which there aren’t any documented data, however that are indexed within the literature or eBird. For context, the IOC model 13.1 Tick list for Belize lists 622 species in 76 households, of which 104 are uncommon or unintentional and 4 presented.
Birds of Costa Rica covers 836 frequently happening and a few rarer species discovered at the mainland, inshore islands, and waters about 30 miles out. “Offshore Guests, Uncommon Migrants, and Vagrants,” 103 species together with a number of seabird species, are indexed in Appendix B. The birds of Cocos Island, an remoted, volcanic island with a wealthy chicken existence, are indexed in every other Appendix segment. That is spectacular protection of a rustic that boasts over 950 avian species (the IOC model 13.1 Tick list lists 955 species in 86 households, with 152 uncommon/unintentional species, 3 extirpated species, 5 presented species, and 9 endemics).
The books are flexibound, with back and front flaps. The entrance flaps be offering to hand keys to the species vary maps (see symbol above), the again flaps be offering all–too-brief bios of the authors (I need extra!). The interior entrance covers are the beginning of four-page pictorial guides to chicken households/teams and the pages the place they are able to be discovered, a snappy, simple access to the identity procedure (see symbol above). I specifically like the way in which some chicken households, like Antbirds and Tanagers, display groupings of a number of other species, representing the number of shapes and hues present in that circle of relatives.
Entrance of the e-book subject material is composed of: “Preface and Acknowledgements,” helpful for its abstract of the authors’ backgrounds in Belize and Costa Rica in addition to acknowledgement of earlier works; a succinct information on “How To Use This E-book” (please learn!); 3 drawings illustrating “Hen Topography;” a brief listing of “Abbreviations and Some Phrases Defined;” a bit on habitat and local weather titled “Biogeography;” and the must-read feedback on “Taxonomy” (titled “Taxonomy and Names” within the Belize quantity even though it’s principally the similar essay however with out the quotation of the Birding article). The “Biogeography” sections are in large part pictorial, that includes huge pictures. Within the Belize quantity, they had been taken by means of H. Lee Jones, writer of the former chicken information to Belize. The few pages of textual content pack in numerous data on geographical location, formations, waterways, local weather, sorts of woodland and wetland habitats and the birds more likely to be present in them, however the textual content doesn’t relate to the footage and the tips is a little bit squashed in combination. Nation maps are separated out –political maps are within the “Methods to Use This E-book” segment and geographical maps are within the “Biogeography.” I in reality want they’d been duplicated within the again within covers, that are clean.
Again of the e-book sections come with Appendices on “Uncommon Migrants and Vagrants;” “Taxonomic Notes;” and within the Costa Rica e-book, a bit on “Cocos Island.” There may be a list of “References” and an “Index of English Names.” Those are attention-grabbing alternatives. The references are books the authors used to create the guides, a mixture of box guides, ornithological articles, and checklists, now not a instructed supply of studying for the birder the usage of the e-book. I’m now not pronouncing that is just right or dangerous, I do respect the cautious documentation of the taxonomic notes and different fabrics. I’m stunned by means of the absence of a systematic title index, particularly in an international this is advocating converting English names and by means of Howell’s personal use of other names for some species. Fortunately, all names–daring indexed and choice–are indexed within the index; there are web page references for Smithsonian Gull and Herring Gull. I’m additionally more than happy that the index teams birds by means of “final title;” the entire trogons are below “Trogon,” the entire warblers whose title contains “warbler” are below “Warbler” (Parulas, Redstarts, and Waterthrushes have their very own entries).
Measurement-wise, those books are of a dimension that might have compatibility effectively right into a backpack or a big vest or coat pocket. The Costa Rica e-book is far thicker and heavier (extra birds!), and at about 2 kilos in weight may well be for a few of us a automobile e-book slightly than a backpack e-book.
B. Birds of Belize, art work by means of Dale Dyer, p. 195. © 2023 by means of Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer
Species Accounts
Textual content at the left, illustrations at the proper. The Species Accounts observe the ‘fashionable information’ layout, with illustrations obviously classified and organized in species groupings. The Accounts make the most of the “user-friendly” box information series proposed in “The Goal of Box Guides: Taxonomy vs. Software” by means of Howell and 5 different notable birding authors (Birding, 2009^). It begins with water and wading birds and finishing with meadowlark, blackbird, and bobolink.^ Irrespective of whether or not you suppose box information sequences must or must now not mirror present evolutionary series, it’s comforting and simple to search out falcons subsequent to hawks, vireos subsequent to warblers.
The textual content is remarkably simple to learn, thank you partially to a extremely readable font, color-banded circle of relatives and genera sections, bolded and capitalized species names and segment labels, and simply the correct quantity of house between species descriptions. Even pages that duvet 5 other species don’t appear crowded. Every circle of relatives segment begins with a temporary encapsulation of what sort of birds are in that circle of relatives, their not unusual traits and the selection of species in that individual nation; some genera descriptions also are given. That is specifically useful for chicken households that may well be new to birders. I do know I’d have benefitted from studying the summaries at the Conventional Antbird circle of relatives (Thamnophilidae) and its member teams: Antshrikes (with stout, hooked expenses), Antvireos (chunky birds with slightly stout expenses, like vireos), Antwrens (small, arboreal birds with slim expenses), and ‘Skilled’ Antbirds (“boldly patterned” antbirds which might be severe fans of military ants).
Every species account begins with the English title and clinical title. Numerous consideration is put on names, reflecting the authors’ precedence on previous and present taxonomy. Change names are given in parentheses: Smithsonian (American Herring) Gull. Comparable names are given in brackets: Lesson’s [Blue-crowned] Motmot. Bracket names come with former names for species which have been break up (the Motmot) and different cases the place taxonomy is “unsure.” Measurement–duration and infrequently wingspan–is given in centimeters. Subsequent is the segment birders are perhaps to learn first, a abstract of the chicken’s habitat, habits, and figuring out options: the place and the way it’s more likely to be observed (humid woodland, fast-flowing streams, plantations, prime, low, with blended flocks, on my own and quiet), important habits (heard greater than observed, flushes, sallies for bugs, soars on flattish wings, flight fast and darting), and distinguish it from identical birds within the house. This segment additionally main points important plumage options for the grownup chicken and for the juvenile and feminine is wanted.
Sound is subsequent: descriptions and transcriptions of vocalizations, together with cadence, repetitive sounds, and species that sound identical. The Standing segment is supposed for use with the distribution maps. The textual content signifies if the chicken is a wintry weather, summer season, or nonbreeding migrant (resident is the default standing) and at what elevation it’s more likely to be discovered. The maps, that are situated to the left of the textual content, are small and point out number one seasonal standing–whether or not and the place the chicken is a resident breeding species, seasonal breeding migrant, seasonal nonbreeding migrant, or temporary migrant. Additionally they sometimes display breeding colonies or remoted populations, imaginable occurrences, and instructions of vary enlargement.
I like the writing right here. It is extremely explicit and really detailed. There’s little room for a wise flip of word, however the exactitude of each sentence makes each and every account distinctive and appropriate to chicken identity within the box. Lengthy-billed Hermit is, “A impressive if dull-plumaged hummer of humid woodland understory…” (CR, p. 212). Bat Falcon is a “Good-looking small falcon of humid woodland and edge, adjoining clearings, semi-open spaces with scattered bushes and woodland patches; in the neighborhood in cities, frequently at Maya wreck websites” (Belize, p. 116). I used to be satisfied to peer that the outline within the Costa Rica information is identical however drops the connection with Maya ruins, a element that tells me each and every information used to be moderately curated for its nation. Keel-billed Toucan offers a “Loud throaty croak…at a distance feels like frogs…up shut has an ear-splitting, shrieking high quality” (CR, p. 200). In all probability the most productive examples of Howell’s experience at writing species descriptions are the pages on the ones brown rainforest look-alike birds, the Woodcreepers. He distinguishes each and every by means of consideration to foraging habits, fantastic variations in invoice dimension and shade, and vocalization. Southern Noticed Woodcreeper has a “slightly stout directly invoice widely darkish above” (p. 248), Northern Barred Woodcreeper has a “stout blackish invoice with pinkish base” (p. 246), whilst Ivory-billed Woodcreeper’ invoice is “now not strikingly ivory-colored, frequently dusky light pinkish general, infrequently with a gloomy maxilla” (p. 248).
[There is one error in the Belize guide which is pointed out by a user on the Amazon page: the images of White-whiskered Puffbird are reversed, with the female labelled male and male labelled female. This is corrected in the Costa Rica guide.]
Writer Steve N. G. Howell has a protracted listing of chicken and birding books to his credit score, a number of of that have been reviewed right here. Along with the already discussed A Information to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central The united states, co-authored with Sophie Webb (1995) and Oceanic Birds of the International: a Photograph Information, co-authored with Kirk Zufelt (2019), his titles come with Petrels, Albatrosses, and Hurricane-Petrels of North The united states: A Photographic Information (2012), A Reference Information to Gulls of the Americas (with Jon Dunn, 2007, Molt in North American Birds (2010), Uncommon Birds of North The united states (with Ian Lewington and Will Russell, 2014), Offshore Sea Existence ID Information: West Coast (with Brian L. Sullivan, 2015), Offshore Sea Existence ID Information: East Coast (with Brian L. Sullivan, 2016), Birds of Chile: a Photograph Information (with Fabrice Schmitt, 2018), and Peterson Information To Hen Identity in 12 Steps (with Brian Sullivan, 2018). He has additionally printed many clinical articles on those subjects in ornithological journals and articles and weblog posts on taxonomy, writing box guides, and birding for in style birding magazines and internet sites. Howell has additionally been a chicken excursion chief with WINGS for a few years, the place he makes a speciality of excursions of Mexico, Central American nations, and repositioning cruises.
C. Birds of Costa Rica, art work by means of Dale Dyer, p. 277. © 2023 by means of Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer
Illustrations
The illustrations by means of Dale Dyer completely supplement Howell’s descriptions. A birder in addition to a systematic illustrator that specialize in birds, Dyer is a box affiliate on the American Museum of Herbal Historical past and has contributed artwork and drawings to quite a few box guides, together with books on Puerto Rico, the West Indies, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, Peru, North The united states, and New York State. Dyer spent a few years running on those illustrations; the Preface notes that he visited Costa Rica and different Central American nations yearly between 2007 and 2016. He additionally applied museum specimens and speaks eloquently in interviews and on his internet web site in regards to the significance on beginning each and every chicken drawing with a learn about of skins to grasp the construction and anatomy beneath the feathers.^^
Numerous idea obviously went into the design in addition to the art work itself. Every plate illustrates two to 5 species, comparable to the textual content at the reverse web page. One to 4 photographs of each and every species are depicted, relying at the species; female and male Contingas are pictured within the examples above, White-rumped Sandpiper is proven in breeding, non-breeding, and juvenile plumages plus a picture of it in flight. All raptor and nightjar species are proven in flight, frequently in a couple of photographs, apart from for the tropical woodland accipiters and woodland falcons (in all probability as a result of they’re hardly observed?). All plumage diversifications are obviously labelled. On occasion, we get behavioral vignettes just like the Central American Sharpbill above, probing a leaf cluster. Species are moderately grouped on each and every plate so it’s simple to peer which photographs are the similar species, and when two genera or households proportion the similar plate, Dyer very properly has them posing in reverse instructions so we all know they’re other.
The pictures themselves, aside from their software as identity aids, are merely stunning. They’ve been painted, I suppose, with the watercolor/gouache approach utilized in Dyer’s different works. Feathers glow with the subtlety of development and colour of colours that distinguish chicken existence. Expenses level, claws grip, eyes glower. Every particular person portray in reality does appear to be a person chicken. In my assessment of Birds of Central The united states, I wrote that I assumed the colours had been washed out on some birds. I don’t suppose so with those volumes, and I’m now not positive if my eyes have got familiar with Dyers’ paintings or if there were some adjustments within the inking. The birds had been drawn and painted on backgrounds of various sun shades of grey/blue, gentle blue, peach, ecru, tan/brown, and so forth. This works properly to strengthen the inking and relieve the attention of repeatedly shopping at a white background, and on one pleasant plate creates the energetic symbol of status egrets towards a light greige background counterpointed with flying egrets and a juvenile Little Blue Heron flying towards a sky-blue background. The background does appear slightly too darkish on some plates, alternatively, and even though one can say this represents how the birds are observed in the dead of night rainforest, it does make it tricky to check the species in not up to vivid gentle.
I assumed it might be attention-grabbing to match how one species is painted and configured at the web page within the 3 books illustrated by means of Dyer and by means of two different box guides: The Birds of Costa Rica: A Box Information, second ed., written by means of Richard Garrigues and illustrated by means of Robert Dean (Comstock, 2014) and Birds of Belize, written by means of H. Lee Jones and illustrated by means of Dana Gardner (Univ. of Texas Press, 2004). Those constitute, I feel, the sphere guides used essentially the most frequently ahead of e-newsletter of those volumes. I determined to have a look at depictions of Pretty Continga, a sought-after species in Belize and Costa Rica. Pretty Cotinga men are a impressive blue and red and the women folk are a impressive brown and beige, so this can be a just right technique to see how the artists painting each ends of the chicken “good looks” scale. The plates for the 2023 guides are above, the others under.
A. Birds of Central The united states: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, art work by means of Dale Dyer, p. 381. © 2018, Princeton College Press
D. Birds of Belize, art work by means of Dana Gardner, Plate 38. © 2003 textual content H. Lee Jones, © 2003 illustrations Dana Gardner
E. The Birds of Costa Rica: A Box Information, second ed, pp. 260-261. © 2007, 2014 textual content Richard Garrigues, © 2007, 2014 illustrations Marc Roegiers and John Ok. McCuen
Dyer’s art work for the Birds of Central The united states information is completely reproduced within the Belize and Costa Rica volumes, all the way down to the little portrait of the male perched on a leafy department. The principle distinction is that “male” and “feminine” are spelled out. The representation by means of Dana Gardner for the 2003 Belize information is extra shade blocked, much less refined, a wholly other taste. The Pretty Cotingas illustrated by means of Robert Dean for the 2014 Costa Rica information are chunkier with rounder heads, additionally extra shade blocked. All just right illustrations for box guides, but when I had been to position any of those photographs on my wall so I may just respect the wonderful thing about the chicken, it might be Dyer’s.
Conclusion
Birds of Belize and Birds of Costa Rica are each spectacular, informative, well-organized box guides, prominent by means of the experience, revel in, and skills in their authors. Birders will have ideas about its use of other taxonomy, however I feel maximum vacationers might be satisfied to have present guides to those in style nations. There’s a actual want for a brand new information for Belize. H. Lee Jones’ Birds of Belize is a superb box information however arranged with plates become independent from species accounts, and so much has came about within the birding global since 2004. The Peterson Box Information to Birds of Northern Central The united states by means of Jesse Fagan and Oliver Komar (2016) does duvet Belize, but in addition Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador.
Costa Rica, then again, has a wealthy ornithological e-book historical past, together with the vintage A Information to the Birds of Costa Rica by means of F. Gary Stiles and Alexander F. Skutch (1989), an encyclopedic remedy nonetheless value learning. The advisable box information has lengthy been The Birds of Costa Rica: A Box Information, second ed. by means of Richard Garrigues. I had an opportunity to make use of it in 2021 on a temporary shuttle to Costa Rica and came upon that even in not up to ten years, taxonomic adjustments–many legitimate splits and title adjustments, together with the Motmot staff–made quite a few its entries out of date. Nonetheless, the information used to be nonetheless very useable. It can be that we weren’t utterly bereft of a good chicken information to Costa Rica ahead of this box information got here out, and it’s true that we nonetheless lack guides to different Central American nations, like El Salvador and Guatamala. However it’s beautiful to have this pretty information–each stunning guides–to be had for learn about, identity, and adoration of those improbable birds.
* The Mexico information as a part of a bigger mission together with the Costa Rica information is cited in Howell, Steve N. G & Dale Dyer, “Costa Rica: Even Richer Than we Concept?,” North American Birds, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 22-29. To be had to ABA participants at https://www.aba.org/north-american-birds-vol-73-no-1/
** Howell, Steve N. G & Dale Dyer, “Costa Rica: Even Richer Than we Concept?,” North American Birds, vol. 73, no. 1, p. 22.
*** Howell, Steve N. G. & Sophie Webb, A Information to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central The united states, Oxford Univ. Press, 1995
^Howell, Steve N.G., Brian Sullivan, Michael O’Brien, Chris Picket, Ian Lewington, and Richard Crossley, “The Goal of Box Guides: Taxonomy vs. Software,” Birding, Nov. 2009.
^^ See Dale Dyer’s web site, https://websites.google.com/web site/daledyerornithill/ and his interview in Angelo, Hillary, “Hen in Hand: How Enjoy Makes Nature,” Concept and Society, vol. 42, no. 4 (July 2013), pp. 351-368.
Birds of Belize (Princeton Box Guides)
By means of Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer
Princeton College Press, April 2023
Pages:304, Flexibound; Measurement: 5.25 x 8 in. x 1 in.; Weight: 1.25 kilos
Illus: 116 shade plates + 15 shade footage. 600
ISBN-10 : 0691220727; ISBN-13 : 978-0691220727
Worth: $35.00/£30.00 (reductions from the standard suspects); Kindle and eBook variations additionally to be had
Birds of Costa Rica (Princeton Box Guides)
By means of Dale Dyer and Steve N. G. Howell
Princeton College Press, Would possibly 2023
Pages:456, Flexibound; Measurement: 5.25 x 8 in. x 1.25 in.; Weight: 2.03 kilos
Illus: 203 shade plates. 19 shade footage. 900+
ISBN-10 : 0691203350; ISBN-13 : 978-0691203355
Worth:$29.95/£25.00 (reductions from the standard suspects); Kindle and eBook variations additionally to be had