Via: Dvykaliuk Roman
Fig. 1. A three-D fashion of CPI (Clever Collector of Propolis) (Breyer, 2016)
Notes: A – case for stacking the collector; B – Clever Collector of Propolis; C – insert board for remaining the opening within the case
Propolis is a sticky resinous substance gathered from the buds, leaves and stems of untamed crops and processed via bees, which has bactericidal houses and is utilized by bees to seal cracks in a hive, polish partitions of wax cells and embalm corpses of enemies (mice, reptiles, and so on.) (DSTU 4662, 2006). The resources of propolis are crops from which honey bees gather resin. Alternatively, no longer all crops that secrete resin are resources of propolis. The bodily houses of plant resin, accessibility to bees, and anatomical options of a honey bee exoskeleton underlie the speculation of plant variety for propolis assortment (Langenheim, 2003; Salatino and Salatino, M. L. F., 2017). Within the gentle local weather zone Ukraine belongs to, honey bees gather plant resins principally from Populus nigra L., Populus tremula L. and Betula pubescens L., which determines chemical and bodily houses of the yield. Due to this fact, bees carry plant resins to the nest and use them to seal cracks or to construct their buildings (Isidorov et al., 2016; Przybyłek and Karpiński, 2019).
The use of the bees’ instincts to seal cracks within the nest, offer protection to the nest from pests and the want to deal with the microclimate of the bee nest at the correct stage, beekeepers gather propolis in commercial volumes principally in two techniques. The primary one is to switch partitions of hives and use creditors, and the second one is to position nets (grids) over the honey bee nest (Breyer, 2016; Tsagkarakis et al., 2017).
Fig. 2. Inexperienced propolis acquired in Brazil (photograph via the creator, 2022)
In nations with a tropical local weather, the place the outdoor temperature resembles the microclimate of the bee nest, propolis creditors are put on holes within the outer partitions of hives (Fig. 1, 2).
Placement of this sort of collector signifies that merchandise (honey, pollen) may not be taken from bee households. The presence of meals within the nest is helping to extend productiveness of the bee circle of relatives. Any other necessary technological side is that propolis apiaries migrate to spaces wealthy in plant resources of propolis. It will have to be famous that the sort of approach as shifting to propolis resources isn’t utilized in gentle local weather zones.
As of late, in line with the state check in, there are 54,406 beekeeping families in Ukraine with 2,579,453 bee colonies. Since registration is voluntary, those figures don’t seem to be ultimate. There are two techniques to assemble propolis in Ukraine: the primary is to scrub the nest parts (frames, portions of the hive, and so on.) with a beekeeper’s chisel; the second one is to position elastic nets or plastic grids over the honey bee nest within the hives. The primary approach discussed of extracting propolis is unproductive and old-fashioned and yields in a small quantity of propolis, which is principally infected with wooden splinters and portions of bee our bodies. Such propolis is used for private and technical wishes. The second one approach, which makes use of particular assortment apparatus, comparable to elastic nets and plastic grids, is extra productive for large apiaries. On the similar time, acquiring 300-500 nets or grids coated with propolis on a farm calls for their cleansing. The loss of apparatus to automate the method of nets or grids cleansing of propolis and using handbook exertions result in upper product costs, decrease high quality and unprofitable manufacturing. The usage of handbook exertions to scrub propolis is also accompanied via a contravention of sanitary and hygienic prerequisites because of the human issue.
Fig. 3. Experimental three-D fashion of a tool for accumulating propolis.
Notes: 1 – a collection of gears; 2 – decrease and higher pair of shafts, protrusions of which are compatible one-to-one; 3 – an electrical motor; 4 – a hollow for putting nets with propolis; 5 – an outlet; 6 – an electrical cable; 7 – a transfer; 8 – a protecting chamber; 9 – an influence cable compartment; 10 – a steel body
As a part of our dissertation analysis on “Clinical and technical enhance of the method and kit for propolis manufacturing” on the Nationwide College of Lifestyles and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine in 2020-2023, we designed, manufactured and examined a tool for cleansing propolis-coated elastic nets (Fig. 3).
Manufacture of the tool and its creation into manufacturing lend a hand to fill in gaps within the generation of acquiring top quality propolis.
To extract propolis the usage of the tool, beekeepers apply the collection of movements:
- position elastic nets in hives to assemble propolis (it’s endorsed to make use of nets fabricated from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA));
- position nets at the higher bars of frames after they’re wiped clean of wax residues and current propolis;
- investigate cross-check bee colonies as is normal at the farm;
- after the bees duvet nets with propolis, shift them in order that a complete web is roofed with propolis (roughly 20-30 calendar days, relying on availability of the plant base and propensity of the bee circle of relatives to amass propolis);
- gather nets from bee colonies and roll for simple transportation and extra cooling (Fig. 4, B);
- for fine quality cleansing of nets with propolis the usage of the tool, it is sufficient to cool nets at a temperature of +5°C for 60-90 mins, relying on the kind of propolis;
- insert the cooled nets into the cleansing tool (Get entry to the creator’s accounts YouTube channel: https://youtu.be/QktpMJc-0hY?si=MOMb8R6w7LrkgJ2C).
Fig. 4. Propolis acquired at Ukrainian beekeeping farms the usage of the brand new generation (photograph via the creator, 2021) Notes: Proper – propolis purified from elastic nets the usage of the tool; Left – elastic nets coated with propolis acquired from beekeeping farms in Ukraine
After the cleansing is done, nets are returned to the bee colonies, if essential, and the acquired propolis is packed and saved for additional use.
Nets within the tool are wiped clean routinely. One web will also be wiped clean with the tool 100 or extra occasions with out visual mechanical injury. The specifically designed shafts of the tool are pulled into the online and concurrently bend it in a wave-like method. Right through this bending, the propolis is shed within the decrease tray. For relaxed paintings of the operator, the room temperature will also be +20-22°C. In nations with tropical climates, it’s imaginable to position the online cleansing tool in honeycomb storages, the place the temperature is all the time saved low, which is able to supply further financial savings on room cooling. The propolis harvesting tool can be utilized via beekeepers to scrub 227 nets in a single operating day (8 hours). The evolved tool has been patented: patent No. 139736 “Instrument for accumulating propolis” (UA). Main points of the advance and operation of the tool had been offered on the forty seventh Apimondia Congress (Istanbul) (PP-177).
For extra detailed data at the operation of the tool for cleansing nets from propolis and different analysis papers of the creator, please use the hyperlink via QR code (Get entry to the creator’s account within the clinical social community ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.web/profile/Roman-Dvykaliuk).
Dvykaliuk Roman, Chairman of the Board of BeesAgro Managed Pollination Affiliation; PhD candidate of the Nationwide College of Lifestyles and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine; Kyiv, Ukraine.
Electronic mail: [email protected]
References
DSTU 4662:2006 “Propolis (Bee Glue). Specs” (2007). Kyiv: State Requirements of Ukraine
Salatino, A., & Salatino, M. L. F. (2017). Why do honeybees exploit so few plant species as propolis resources. MOJ Meals Processing & Generation, 4(5), 158–160. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2017.04.00107
Langenheim, J. H., 2003. Plant Resins: Chemistry, Evolution, Ecology, and Ethnobotany. Trees Press., Portland,OR, USA.
Isidorov, V. A., Bakier, S., Pirożnikow, E., Zambrzycka, M., Swiecicka, I. Selective behaviour of honeybees in obtaining Eu propolis plant precursors. Magazine of chemical ecology. 2016. Vol. 42(6), Р. 475–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-016-0708-9
Przybyłek, I., & Karpiński, T. M. (2019). Antibacterial houses of propolis. Molecules, 24(11), 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112047
Breyer, H. F. E., Breyer, E. D. H., & Cella, I. (2016). Produção e beneficiamento da própolis [Production and processing of propolis]. Boletim Didático, 1, 30. https://publicacoes.epagri.sc.gov.br/BD/article/view/405 [in Portuguese]
Tsagkarakis, A. E., Katsikogianni, T., Gardikis, Okay., Katsenios, I., Spanidi, E., & Balotis, G. N. (2017). Comparability of Traps Gathering Propolis via Honey Bees. Advances in Entomology, 5(02), 68. 5. https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2017.52006
Instrument for accumulating propolis [Prystrii dlia zboru propolisu]: pat. 139736 Ukraine. № u 201910696; decl. 29.10.2019. publ. 10.01.2020. Bul. № 1. (in Ukrainian)