A couple of mitogenomes point out Issues Fall Aside with Out of Africa or Asia hypotheses for the phylogeographic evolution of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)
Clinical Reviews quantity 13, Article quantity: 9386 (2023) Cite this newsletter
Summary
Determine 3 From: A couple of mitogenomes point out Issues Fall Aside with Out of Africa or Asia hypotheses for the phylogeographic evolution of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)
Earlier morpho-molecular research of evolutionary relationships inside the economically necessary genus of honey bees (Apis), together with the Western Honey Bee (A. mellifera L.), have recommended Out of Africa or Asia origins and next unfold to Europe. I take a look at those hypotheses by means of a meta-analysis of entire mitochondrial DNA coding areas (11.0 kbp) from 22 nominal subspecies represented by means of 78 particular person sequences in A. mellifera. Parsimony, distance, and probability analyses determine six nested clades: Issues Fall Aside with Out of Africa or Asia hypotheses. Molecular clock-calibrated phylogeographic evaluation presentations as an alternative a basal starting place of A. m. mellifera in Europe ~ 780 Kya, and growth to Southeast Europe and Asia Minor ~ 720 Kya. Eurasian bees unfold southward by the use of a Levantine/Nilotic/Arabian hall into Africa ~ 540 Kya. An African clade re-established in Iberia ~ 100 Kya unfold thereafter to westerly Mediterranean islands and again into North Africa. Nominal subspecies inside the Asia Minor and Mediterranean clades are much less differentiated than are folks inside of different subspecies. Names topic: paraphyletic anomalies are artefacts of mis-referral in GenBank of sequences to the incorrect subspecies, or use of misguided sequences, which might be clarified by means of inclusion of a couple of sequences from to be had subspecies.
Phylogeographic evolution in context of geographic distribution2 of subspecies of A. mellifera as inferred from mitogenomic information. Numbered symbols point out 5 clades described within the textual content and in Fig. 2. Darkish and lightweight inexperienced circles point out respectively subspecies within the Southeast Eu and Asia Minor clades incorporated inside the Eurasian superclade. Blue symbols point out the Levantine (circles), Nilotic (squares), and Arabian (A. m. jemenitica) (diamonds) clades. Gentle and darkish pink circles point out impartial A. m. simensis and A. m. unicolor lineages, respectively. Gentle orange symbols point out subspecies within the Mediterranean clade. Crimson circles point out the paraphyletic assemblage of A. m. scutellata and A. m. capensis, together with A. m. adansonii (gentle purple) and A. m. monticola (brown). Base map changed from [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BlankMap-World.svg].
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